Peer defending as a multidimensional behavior: Development and validation of the Defending Behaviors Scale

亲社会行为 心理学 移情 侵略 比例(比率) 结构方程建模 人为因素与人体工程学 毒物控制 发展心理学 社会心理学 量子力学 物理 医学 统计 数学 环境卫生
作者
Laura J. Lambe,Wendy Craig
出处
期刊:Journal of School Psychology [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:78: 38-53 被引量:53
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jsp.2019.12.001
摘要

Defending represents any prosocial behavior taken to assist an individual being victimized. Like other forms of prosocial behavior, defending may be best conceptualized as a multidimensional set of behaviors, including both direct and indirect forms of defending. The objective of the current research was to design and validate the Defending Behaviors Scale (DBS), a multidimensional self-report scale of defending behaviors. Data were collected from 572 early adolescents in Grades 6 to 8. Participants completed the DBS as well as established measures of bullying, victimization, empathy, aggression, social self-efficacy, social support, and prosocial behavior. Data were analyzed using an exploratory structural equation modeling framework. A four-factor model provided the best fit to the data. Direct defending included aggressive and solution-focused behaviors, whereas indirect defending included comforting and reporting to authority. Girls were more likely to defend others by offering comfort and reporting to authority, whereas aggressive defending was more common among boys. Each subscale demonstrated good internal consistency (α's 0.80-0.92) and was uniquely associated with empathy, aggression, and other types of prosocial behavior. The DBS is a new, psychometrically-valid measure that will aid in the assessment of heterogenous defending behaviors.
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