RS&GIS based PM emission inventories of dust sources over a provincial scale: A case study of Henan province, central China

Henan province, the most populous province in China, is facing serious particulate matter (PM) pollution problem. In this study, a provincial emission inventory of total suspended particles (TSP), particulate matter 10 (PM10) and particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from dust source of the year 2016 was established on a grid of 3 km × 3 km resolution using the RS and GIS technology. The results show that the TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 emission from dust source in Henan province were 1261.11 kt·a−1, 461.24 kt·a−1 and 103.05 kt·a−1, respectively. Among various emission sources, construction dust was the main sources of PM emission, which contributes 56.72% of the TSP emission, 77.68% of the PM10 emission and 76.77% of the PM2.5 emission. Furthermore, the total emission of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in Henan province formed a Zhengzhou-centered high emission zone, which was surrounded by Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo and Xuchang cities. PM emission from different dust sources showed particular spatial characteristics, high PM emission of soil dust source was more likely to occur in cities with backward economic development and dry climate, PM emission of construction dust source mainly concentrated in developed and densely populated regions, city centers and the surrounding country centers were the area with high PM emission from road dust source.