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An abdominal phantom with anthropomorphic organ motion and multimodal imaging contrast for MR-guided radiotherapy

成像体模 呼吸 影像引导放射治疗 振膜(声学) 核医学 磁共振成像 医学 放射治疗 放射治疗计划 剂量学 膈式呼吸 生物医学工程 放射科 物理 解剖 声学 病理 替代医学 扬声器
作者
Artur Weidner,C. Stengl,Fabian Dinkel,S Dorsch,Carlos Murillo,Steffen Seeber,Regula Gnirs,A. Runz,Gernot Echner,Christian P. Karger,Oliver Jäkel
出处
期刊:Physics in Medicine and Biology [IOP Publishing]
卷期号:67 (4): 045009-045009 被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1088/1361-6560/ac4ef8
摘要

Purpose. Improvements in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) enable accurate and precise treatment of moving tumors in the abdomen while simultaneously sparing healthy tissue. However, the lack of validation tools for newly developed MR-guided radiotherapy hybrid devices such as the MR-Linac is an open issue. This study presents a custom developed abdominal phantom with respiratory organ motion and multimodal imaging contrast to perform end-to-end tests for IGRT treatment planning scenarios.Methods. The abdominal phantom contains deformable and anatomically shaped liver and kidney models made of Ni-DTPA and KCl-doped agarose mixtures that can be reproducibly positioned within the phantom. Organ models are wrapped in foil to avoid ion exchange with the surrounding agarose and to provide stable T1 and T2 relaxation times as well as HU numbers. Breathing motion is realized by a diaphragm connected to an actuator that is hydraulically controlled via a programmable logic controller. With this system, artificial and patient-specific breathing patterns can be carried out. In 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diaphragm, liver and kidney motion was measured and compared to the breathing motion of a healthy male volunteer for different breathing amplitudes including shallow, normal and deep breathing.Results. The constructed abdominal phantom demonstrated organ-equivalent intensity values in CT as well as in MRI. T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) relaxation times for 1.5 T and CT numbers were 552.9 ms, 48.2 ms and 48.8 HU (liver) as well as 950.42 ms, 79 ms and 28.2 HU (kidney), respectively. These values were stable for more than six months. Extracted breathing motion from a healthy volunteer revealed a liver to diaphragm motion ratio (LDMR) of 64.4% and a kidney to diaphragm motion ratio (KDMR) of 30.7%. Well-comparable values were obtained for the phantom (LDMR: 65.5%, KDMR: 27.5%).Conclusions. The abdominal phantom demonstrated anthropomorphic T1 and T2 relaxation times as well as HU numbers and physiological motion pattern in MRI and CT. This allows for wide use in the validation of IGRT including MRgRT.

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