Wireless and Linear Hydrogen Detection up to 4% with High Sensitivity through Phase-Transition-Inhibited Pd Nanowires

纳米线 材料科学 线性 相变 无线传感器网络 灵敏度(控制系统) 瓶颈 氢传感器 纳米技术 巴(单位) 光电子学 电子工程 计算机科学 凝聚态物理 化学 物理 催化作用 计算机网络 生物化学 有机化学 气象学 工程类 嵌入式系统
作者
Min‐Seung Jo,Ki-Hoon Kim,Kwang‐Wook Choi,Jae‒Shin Lee,Jae‐Young Yoo,Sung‐Hoon Kim,Hee-Jeong Jin,Min‐Ho Seo,Jun‐Bo Yoon
出处
期刊:ACS Nano [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:16 (8): 11957-11967 被引量:20
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.2c01783
摘要

Palladium (Pd) has been drawing increasing attention as a hydrogen (H2) detecting material due to its highly selective sensitivity to H2. However, at H2 concentrations above 2%, Pd undergoes an inevitable phase transition, causing undesirable electrical and mechanical alterations. In particular, nonlinear gas response (ΔR/R0) that accompanies phase transition has been a great bottleneck for detecting H2 in high concentrations, which is especially important as there is a risk of explosion over 4% H2. Here, we propose a phase-transition-inhibited Pd nanowire H2 sensor that can detect up to 4% H2 with high linearity and high sensitivity. Based on the calculation of the change in free energy, we designed Pd nanowires that are highly adhered to the substrate to withstand the stress that leads to phase transition. We theoretically optimized the Pd nanowire dimensions using a finite element method simulation and then experimentally fabricated the proposed sensor by exploiting a developed nanofabrication method. The proposed sensor exhibits a high sensing linearity (98.9%) with high and stable sensitivity (ΔR/R0/[H2] = 875%·bar–1) over a full range of H2 concentrations (0.1–4%). Using the fabricated Pd sensors, we have successfully demonstrated a wireless sensor module that can detect H2 with high linearity, notifying real-time H2 leakage through remote communication. Overall, our work suggests a nanostructuring strategy for detecting H2 with a phase-transition-inhibited pure Pd H2 sensor with rigorous scientific exploration.
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