Recent Progress in the Development of MOF-Based Photocatalysts for the Photoreduction of Cr(VI)

There has been a direct correlation between the rate of industrial development and the spread of pollution on Earth, particularly in the last century. The organic and inorganic pollutants generated from industrial activities have created serious risks to human life and the environment. The concept of sustainability has emerged to tackle the environmental issues in developing chemical-based industries. However, pollutants have continued to be discharged to water resources, and finding appropriate techniques for the removal and remedy of wastewater is in high demand. Chromium is one of the high-risk heavy metals in industrial wastewaters that should be removed via physical adsorption and/or transformed into less hazardous chemicals. Photocatalysis as a sustainable process has received considerable attention as it utilizes sunlight irradiation to remedy Cr(VI) via a cost-effective process. Numerous photocatalytic systems have been developed up to now, but metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained growing attention because of their unique versatilities and facile structural modulations. A variety of MOF-based photocatalysts have been widely employed for the photoreduction of Cr(VI). Here, we review the recent progress in the design of MOF photocatalysts and summarize their performance in photoreduction reactions.