业务
保护区
环境资源管理
比例(比率)
机会成本
快照(计算机存储)
土地管理
规模经济
土地利用
环境规划
自然资源经济学
地理
经济
计算机科学
生态学
营销
新古典经济学
操作系统
生物
地图学
作者
Diane Le Bouille,Joseph Fargione,Paul R. Armsworth
摘要
Abstract Funding for protected areas is limited and recurrent costs associated with managing these sites must be considered in planning their acquisition. However, most conservation planning studies either ignore management costs or use snapshot estimates, even though they vary through time. We surveyed expenditures on management made over 15 years for 37 protected areas in the Appalachians that were established by a large land trust (TNC). These management costs varied greatly through both time and space. We explored what ecological and socioeconomic characteristics explain this variation. Management costs increased with site area but exhibited economies of scale. They were also greater for sites presenting a more rugged terrain and surrounded by a denser combination of roads and urban areas. Prescribed burns were strong drivers of expenditures in the years they occur, while acquisition costs were negatively correlated to subsequent expenditures on management. Land managers felt that protected areas that received less management effort were in worse condition and tended to spend more on areas with greater estimated species richness. Better accounting of how management costs vary in space and time can help conservation organizations allocate their limited resources effectively and to evaluate the likely long‐term cost implications of expanding protected area networks.
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