Particulate Air Pollution

This chapter addresses issues in relation to the adverse health effects of PM10 (mass of particulate air pollution). Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a clear relationship between the levels of PM10 and exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Deaths, not only from respiratory causes, but also from vascular causes, that is, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents, are also related to levels of PM10. The mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. The ability of the lung to protect itself against inhaled particles, and the susceptibility of individuals to the effects of particles, will determine the outcome in terms of the adverse effects of environmental particles. An important defense mechanism in the airways against inhaled particles is the mucociliary escalator. In the large proximal airways, goblet cells secrete mucus, which trap deposited particles. Mucus has a major role in protecting the airways, particularly as it is a rich source of antioxidants.