Near infrared mechanoluminescence from the Nd3+ doped perovskite LiNbO3:Nd3+ for stress sensors

Mechanoluminescence (ML) from most state-of-the-art phosphors primarily appears within the spectral range of ultraviolet to visible. Here, a novel near infrared ML which can penetrate tissues is achieved in Nd³⁺ doped LiNbO₃.