Safety challenges and safety measures of Li‐ion batteries

Abstract Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have become the main choice for electric vehicles (EVs). However, the thermal runaway problems of LIBs largely limit the wider promotion of EVs. To provide background and insight for the improvement of battery safety, the general working mechanism of LIBs is described in this review, followed by a discussion of the thermal runaway process, including the trigger conditions and material factors. Moreover, advances made to improve battery safety are examined from the perspective of battery materials and management systems. Thus, this review provides a general picture of the thermal runaway risks of LIBs and corresponding solutions with the aim of facilitating safer battery designs.