Advances in the surgical treatment of cholesteatoma of the middle ear

Middle ear cholesteatoma, as a common ear disease, has been further understood in terms of its molecular mechanism, classification and staging, and it is generally believed that surgical treatment is the first choice, but there is no final conclusion on its surgical choice. Microscopic surgery includes complete or open radical mastoidectomy with or without reconstruction of the middle ear cavity, and their pros and cons have been debated for decades. In the past decade, a variety of surgical methods have been developed, including various improvements and combined operations that combine the advantages of traditional open radical mastoidectomy and complete mastoidectomy. On the other hand, the emergence of ear endoscopic surgery has opened up new surgical methods, as well as the use of laser and other new technologies to improve the surgical effect and prognosis, but also can not avoid their limitations and shortcomings. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical treatments for middle ear cholesteatoma in order to provide guidance and help for otologists in the treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma.