Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function

盐生植物 叶绿体 盐度 光合作用 生物 植物 植物生理学 生态学 生物化学 基因
作者
Abdul Hameed,Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed,Tabassum Hussain,Irfan Aziz,Niaz Ahmad,Bilquees Gul,Brent L. Nielsen
出处
期刊:Cells [MDPI AG]
卷期号:10 (8): 2023-2023 被引量:207
标识
DOI:10.3390/cells10082023
摘要

Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.
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