赤铁矿
铁酸盐
热液循环
鳞片岩
矿物学
无定形固体
地质学
水合氧化铁
化学工程
材料科学
针铁矿
吸附
化学
结晶学
有机化学
地震学
工程类
吸附
作者
Zhiming Sun,Huimin Zhou,G. P. Glasby,Zhenjun Sun,Qian Yang,Xueqiong Yin,Junjie Li
摘要
We have studied mineralogical characteristics of Fe-Si oxide precipitates from hydrothermal fields of the Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin, especially the role that the neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria played in their formation, using various analytical techniques (XRD, SEM, EPMA, TG/DTA, and FTIR). According to this examination, the Fe-Si oxide formation can be divided into two stages. At the initial stage, the Fe-oxidizing bacteria bound and oxidized Fe2+ into Fe3+ to fix CO2, triggering precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxide (ferrihydrite) and construction of a loose network of Fe-rich filaments. Subsequently, the decreased porosity of the network resulting from the gradual growth of the filaments led to a decline in the mixing between seawater and the hydrothermal fluids. Then the conductive cooling of the network resulted in saturation of the dissolved Si with respect to amorphous silica. As a result, significant precipitation of opal-A occurred through inorganic polymerization. However, part of the silica was immobilized by bonding to Fe-OH functional groups and yielded unpolymerized silica, which is characterized by Fe-O-Si bond. Owing to the incorporation of Si into the ferrihydrite structure and its adsorption on the ferrihydrite surface, the modern hydrothermal Fe-Si oxides are thermally stable. DSC measurements indicate the full segregation of cristobalite from hematite at about 800 °C in an O2 atmosphere. These observations indicate that primary alternating Si- and Fe-rich layers may be absent in the Archean ocean and that alternating bands in BIFs represent a diagenetic process; our work thus provides a potential clue that can be used to unravel the precipitation and diagenetic mechanisms of Precambrian banded iron formations (BIF).
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