Electrochromic Conjugated Polymers ( ECPs )

Endowed by the nature of conjugated polymers, efficient processing for all-solid, flexible, full-color, and functional integrated devices has been gradually realized, thanks to the development of electrochromic conjugated polymers (ECPs), a significant family of electrochromic materials. In this chapter, we collect and comb information and stories about ECPs, varying from fundamental knowledge to latest research results. Firstly, electrochromic mechanisms and synthetic methods are briefly introduced for better cognition. Next, to give a view of material–property relationship in this area, frequently referred types of ECPs are displayed, mainly including polymers based on thiophene, pyrrole, and carbazole derivatives. Specifically, detailed sections cover several aspects such as primary building blocks, design strategies for color tuning, development of cathodically and anodically coloring polymers, which can fulfill the color palette and show transformations among single/double/multiple colored or bleached states, as well as clever design of polymers with solubility in benign solvents for environmental-friendly purpose.