Designing nanocatalysts with defect architectures and heteroatom doping can increase the performance of the electrocatalyst used for OER. With the assistance of microwave strategy, we synthesized two-dimensional (2D) Fe-doped CeO2 nano-sheets (Fe/CeO2 NSs) containing oxygen vacancies (Ov) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst by calcining Fe-doped Ce(C2O4)3 as precursor at different temperatures. Benefiting from lattice defects derived from Ov and doped Fe, the electrocatalysis of Fe/CeO2-400 NSs shows a much smaller Tafel slope of 46 mV·decade-1 than that of pure CeO2. Furthermore, the polarization curves only slightly changed after 1000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles which also confirmed the good stability of the Fe/CeO2-400 NSs. The outstanding electrocatalytic properties as well as the stability of Fe/CeO2 NSs should be attributed to the active sites contributed by the defective regions on the nanosheets, while Fe is doped into the CeO2 lattice as a heteroatom and affects the electronic structure, improving the overall OER performance.