Simulation of spatial strain inhomogeneities in lithium-ion-cells due to electrode dilation dependent on internal and external cell structures

Electrochemical-mechanical interactions, especially pressure-induced ones, have been identified to be a cause for lithium-plating in lithium-ion cells. Mechanically induced porosity inhomogeneities in the separator layers due to electrode expansion during charging especially lead to cell internal balancing currents and can cause localized plating. To identify cell-format and cell-material dependent mechanical weak spots, a layer-resolved mechanical simulation of different cell types and cell-material combinations is presented in this work. The simulation results show distinctive layer strain patterns for different cell-types that coincide with localized lithium-plating found in post-mortem cells. Additionally, the effects of cell bracing in battery modules is investigated and a method to mitigate the increased layer strain due to bracing counterforces is proposed that also increases cell energy density for hardcase-type automotive cells.