Capability, opportunity, motivation, and social participation after stroke

Background Stroke survivors report limited social participation, despite it being an important rehabilitation outcome. Interdisciplinary interventions for increasing social participation amongst stroke survivors lack theoretical guidance and evidence-based approaches. The Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) theorizes that capability, opportunity, and motivation contribute to behavior change.Objectives This study applied the BCW to understand the relationship between social participation and stroke survivors' capability, opportunity, and motivation.Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 30 community-dwelling adult stroke survivors. Assessments explored the frequency and satisfaction of social participation; physical and psychological capability; environmental accessibility and social opportunity; and motivation. A linear regression analysis was done.Results Motivation (R2 change = 29.3%, ß = 0.55) and environmental opportunity (R2 change = 11%, ß = 0.39) were statistically significant predictors of social participation frequency. Motivation (R2 change = 36.9%, ß = 0.61) was the only statistically significant predictor of satisfaction with social performance.Conclusions Motivation and environmental accessibility are statistically significant independent predictors of frequency of social participation after stroke. Motivation is the strongest predictor of satisfaction with social participation. Clinicians may support stroke survivors to promote social participation using approaches that increase motivation and environmental accessibility. Development of such theoretically sound interventions may be guided by the BCW.