Sedimentary Model and Geological Control of the Ganquan Platform in the Xisha Sea Area, South China Sea

The Ganquan Platform, located in the South China Sea, exhibits distinctive topographic and geomorphological features shaped by complex geological processes. Utilizing high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and multi-channel seismic data, this study provides a comprehensive investigation into the sedimentary evolution and stratigraphic framework of the platform. Morphologically, the platform is identified as an elongated seamount, with water depths ranging from 530 m to 800 m and a maximum elevation of 538.115 m. Seismic facies analysis reveals seven distinct facies, reflecting a dynamic and intricate history of carbonate deposition. The stratigraphic framework delineates three primary evolutionary stages: the growth phase (Early Miocene), characterized by the initial accumulation of carbonate sediments; the flourishing phase (Middle Miocene), marked by extensive deposition and platform expansion; and the submergence phase (Late Miocene), defined by progressive submersion and erosion of carbonate features. This evolutionary trajectory was driven by key factors such as terrigenous clastic input, tectonic activity, sea-level fluctuations, and paleoenvironmental dynamics. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the Ganquan Platform’s geological history and its role in the broader context of submarine geology in the Xisha region.