High‐Entropy Electrolyte Design for Low‐Temperature Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors (SCs) are high‐power energy storage devices but often experience reduced electrochemical performance at low temperatures, especially below ‐30 °C, due to the high freezing points of conventional electrolytes. In this study, we introduce a novel high‐entropy electrolyte (HEE) for supercapacitors that extends operational capabilities over a wide temperature range. The high entropy of the HEE results in an exceptionally low freezing point of ‐116 °C. With an increased number of solvent molecules in the cation solvation structures, the HEE exhibits high conductivity (3.9 mS cm⁻¹ at ‐50 °C) and low de‐solvation energy (14.1 kJ mol⁻¹). When incorporated into a carbon‐based SC, the HEE enables a capacitance retention of 58% at temperatures below ‐30 °C, compared to 25 °C, while conventional single‐solvent electrolytes retain only 38%. Additionally, the HEE provides superior high‐rate performance and excellent cycling stability, maintaining 88% capacitance after 15,000 cycles, compared to 73% with conventional electrolytes.