Implementation of 3D printing technologies to electrochemical and optical biosensors developed for biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been applied in many areas. In recent years, new generation biosensors have been emerged with the progress on 3D printing technology (3DPT). Especially in the development of optical and electrochemical biosensors, 3DPT provides many advantages such as low cost, easy to manufacturing, being disposable and allow point of care testing. In this review, recent trends in the development of 3DPT based electrochemical and optical biosensors with their applications in the field of biomedical and pharmaceutical are examined. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages and future opportunities of 3DPT are discussed.