Biogenic Copper Selenide Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared Photothermal Therapy Application

Near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy (PTT) is attractive for cancer treatment but is currently restricted by limited availability and insufficient NIR-II photoactivity of photothermal agents, for which artificial nanomaterials are usually used. Here, we report the first use of biogenic nanomaterials for PTT application. A fine-controlled extracellular biosynthesis of copper selenide nanoparticles (bio-Cu2–xSe) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was realized. The resulting bio-Cu2–xSe, with fine sizes (∼35.5 nm) and high product purity, exhibited 76.9% photothermal conversion efficiency under 1064 nm laser irradiation, outperforming almost all the existing counterparts. The protein capping also imparted good biocompatibility to bio-Cu2–xSe to favor a safe PTT application. The in vivo PTT with injected bio-Cu2–xSe in mice (without extraction nor further modification) showed 87% tumor ablation without impairing the normal organisms. Our work not only opens a green route to synthesize the NIR-II photothermal nanomaterial but may also lay a basis for the development of bacteria–nanomaterial hybrid therapy technologies.