Environmentally Adaptive Polymer Hydrogels: Maintaining Wet‐Soft Features in Extreme Conditions

自愈水凝胶 材料科学 执行机构 适应性 纳米技术 灵活性(工程) 环境友好型 聚合物 肿胀 的 复合材料 计算机科学 高分子化学 人工智能 统计 生物 数学 生态学
作者
Kun Lei,Meijun Chen,Pengshan Guo,Junjun Fang,Jianbo Zhang,Xin Liu,Weiyi Wang,Yashi Li,Zhigang Hu,Yujin Ma,Hongwei Jiang,Jingqiang Cui,Jinghua Li
出处
期刊:Advanced Functional Materials [Wiley]
卷期号:33 (41) 被引量:68
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202303511
摘要

Abstract Hydrogels have been widely explored to adapt to different application circumstances. As typical wet‐soft materials, the high‐water content of hydrogels is beneficial to their wide biomedical applications. Moreover, hydrogels have been displaying considerable application potential in some high‐tech areas, like brain‐computer interface, intelligent actuator, flexible sensor, etc. However, traditional hydrogel is susceptive to freezing below zero, dehydration, performance swelling‐induced deformation, and suffers from mechanical damage in extremely mechanical environments, which result in the loss of wet‐soft peculiarities (e.g., flexibility, structure integrity, transparency), greatly limiting their applications. Therefore, reducing the freezing point, improving the dehydration/solution resistance, and designing mechanical adaptability are effective strategies to endow hydrogels with the extreme environmental adaptability, thus broadening their application fields. This review systematically summarizes research advances of environmentally adaptive hydrogels (EAHs), comprising anti‐freezing, dehydration‐resistant, acid/base/swelling deformation‐resistant, and mechanical environment adaptive hydrogels (MEAHs). Firstly, fabrication methods are presented, including the deep eutectic solvent/ionic liquid substituent, the addition of salts, organogel, polymer network modification, and double network (DN) complex/nanocomposite strategy, etc. Meanwhile, the features of different approaches are overviewed. The mechanisms, properties, and applications (e.g., intelligent actuator, wound dressing, flexible sensor) of EAHs are demonstrated. Finally, the issues and future perspectives for EAHs’ researches are demonstrated.
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