Clinical and radiographic outcomes of customized allogeneic bone block versus autogenous bone block for ridge augmentation: 6 Month results of a randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract Aim To evaluate the efficacy of customized allogeneic bone block (CABB) for ridge augmentation compared with autogenous bone block. Materials and Methods Patients ( N = 24) in need of ridge augmentation were randomly assigned to one of two treatment modalities: CABBs (CABB group) and autogenous bone blocks (ABB group). The primary outcome of the present study was the horizontal bone gain at 1 mm below the alveolar ridge crest (HBG 1 ). Secondary outcomes were the bone gain at other levels, bone resorption rate, ridge width, operative time, postoperative pain score, and histological results. The data obtained from the current study were analysed using a generalized linear mixed effects model, two‐sample t ‐test, or a Mann–Whitney U ‐test. Results Twenty‐four patients completed a 6‐month follow‐up. One patient in the CABB group exhibited block exposure. The CABB group had significantly more horizontal bone gain (HBG 1 ) and less horizontal bone resorption (HBRR 1 ) at 1 mm below the alveolar ridge crest when compared with those in the ABB group (HBG 1 : CABB group [4.29 ± 1.48 mm] and ABB group [1.12 ± 3.25 mm]; HBRR 0 : CABB group [42.15 ± 14.03%] and ABB group [92.52 ± 55.78%], p < .05). In addition, a longer operative time was reported in the ABB group compared with the CABB group ( p < .05). The histological observation indicated a new bone formation in both groups. Conclusions The use of CABBs resulted in more horizontal bone gain and less horizontal bone resorption at 1 mm below the alveolar ridge crest at 6 months post‐surgery compared with ABBs while reducing the operative time in the treatment of ridge augmentation.