材料科学
超级电容器
聚苯胺
复合数
电化学
电极
电容
化学工程
功率密度
离子
水溶液
纳米技术
无机化学
复合材料
有机化学
物理化学
化学
聚合物
功率(物理)
聚合
工程类
物理
量子力学
作者
Juguo Dai,Chunying Yang,Yiting Xu,Li Wang,Siyu Yang,Dongxu Li,Lili Luo,Long Xia,Junshan Li,Xueqiang Qi,Andreu Cabot,Lizong Dai
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202303732
摘要
Abstract Ammonium‐ion aqueous supercapacitors are raising notable attention owing to their cost, safety, and environmental advantages, but the development of optimized electrode materials for ammonium‐ion storage still lacks behind expectations. To overcome current challenges, here, a sulfide‐based composite electrode based on MoS 2 and polyaniline (MoS 2 @PANI) is proposed as an ammonium‐ion host. The optimized composite possesses specific capacitances above 450 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 , and 86.3% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles in a three‐electrode configuration. PANI not only contributes to the electrochemical performance but also plays a key role in defining the final MoS 2 architecture. Symmetric supercapacitors assembled with such electrodes display energy densities above 60 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 725 W kg −1 . Compared with Li + and K + ions, the surface capacitive contribution in NH 4 + ‐based devices is lower at every scan rate, which points to an effective generation/breaking of H‐bonds as the mechanism controlling the rate of NH 4 + insertion/de‐insertion. This result is supported by density functional theory calculations, which also show that sulfur vacancies effectively enhance the NH 4 + adsorption energy and improve the electrical conductivity of the whole composite. Overall, this work demonstrates the great potential of composite engineering in optimizing the performance of ammonium‐ion insertion electrodes.
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