纳滤
膜
化学
铵
氮气
环境化学
渗透
硝酸盐
亚硝酸盐
水质
膜技术
水处理
环境工程
环境科学
有机化学
生物化学
生态学
生物
作者
A. G. POPOVA,Radamanee Rattanakom,Zhi‐Qiang Yu,Zhuolin Li,Kei Nakagawa,Takahiro Fujioka
出处
期刊:Water Research
[Elsevier]
日期:2023-08-12
卷期号:244: 120484-120484
被引量:18
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120484
摘要
Advanced drinking water treatment process using nanofiltration (NF) membranes has gained attention recently because it removes many challenging constituents in contaminated surface waters, such as dissolved organics and heavy metals. However, much literature has reported high variations and uncertainties of NF membranes for removing nitrogen compounds in the contaminated water—ammonium (NH4+), nitrates (NO3−), and nitrites (NO2−). This study aimed to identify the ability of commercial NF membranes to remove NH4+, NO2−, and NO3− and clarify the mechanisms underlying their transport through NF membranes. This was examined by evaluating their rejection by three commercial NF membranes using artificial and actual river waters under various conditions (variable permeate flux, temperature, pH, and ionic strength). Ammonium commonly showed the highest removal among the three nitrogen compounds, followed by nitrites and nitrates. Interestingly, ammonium removal varied considerably from 6% to 86%, depending on the membrane type and operating conditions. The results indicated that the selected nitrogen compounds (NH4+, NO2−, and NO3−) could be highly rejected depending on the clearance between their hydrated radius and the membrane's pore walls. Further, the rejection of the lowest molecular-weight nitrogen compound (NH4+) could be higher than NO2− and NO3− due to its highest energy barrier and larger hydrated radius. This study suggests that compliance with the drinking water regulations of NH4+, NO2−, and NO3− can be reliably achieved by selecting appropriate membrane types and predicting the range of their removal under various feed water quality and operating conditions.
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