Bioremediation of heavy metals in contaminated environments using Comamonas species: A narrative review

Heavy metal contamination is a global environmental crisis that damages ecosystems and human health. Bioremediation, which utilizes microorganisms to detoxify heavy metals, is a feasible and eco-friendly approach. Industrial, mining, and agricultural practices release heavy metals, which subsequently accumulate in terrestrial and aquatic environments, presenting significant ecological and health hazards. Several bioremediation techniques can remove heavy metals, such as phytoremediation, mycoremediation, and microbial remediation. Microbial remediation with Comamonas sp. is a promising option that has garnered attention for its potential in heavy metal bioremediation. Comamonads flourish in contaminated environments due to their capacity to adapt to several environmental conditions. Comamonas sp. can remove and detoxify heavy metals via several mechanisms, such as biosorption, intracellular sequestration, and redox transformations. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of Comamonas sp.-based bioremediation for various heavy metals and to identify areas where further research is required.