A systematic review of battery thermal management systems based on heat pipes

The global economic increase is accompanied by an increase in energy use. As a result, there is an increase in emissions of greenhouse gases that can harm the environment and lead to global warming. Electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries were developed to lower the transportation sector's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. In order to work optimally, the battery must be maintained at its optimal temperature. Heat pipe-based thermal management systems of electric vehicles' batteries have been gaining interest recently due to their ability to dissipate heat to the environment quickly and work passively without any added energy. Heat pipes are anticipated to keep battery packs for electric vehicles at their ideal operating temperature, ensure temperature uniformity between battery cells, and minimize thermal runaway possibility. This paper mainly discusses the application of heat pipes in the thermal management system of the electric vehicle battery. Besides conventional heat pipes, hybrid thermal management systems for electric vehicle batteries based on heat pipes have also been reviewed and discussed. For the hybrid battery management system, heat pipes coupled with phase change materials, air cooling and liquid cooling have been analysed. Finally, this review study describes the limitations and future work opportunities in the research area of thermal management systems in electric vehicle batteries based on heat pipes.