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Association of serum magnesium with metabolic syndrome and the role of chronic kidney disease: A population‐based cohort study with Mendelian randomization

孟德尔随机化 肾脏疾病 医学 队列 优势比 代谢综合征 置信区间 内分泌学 人口 队列研究 内科学 胃肠病学 肥胖 基因 环境卫生 遗传变异 基因型 化学 生物化学
作者
Nuha Shugaa Addin,Fiona Niedermayer,Barbara Thorand,Jakob Linseisen,Jochen Seißler,Annette Peters,Susanne Rospleszcz
出处
期刊:Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism [Wiley]
卷期号:26 (5): 1808-1820
标识
DOI:10.1111/dom.15497
摘要

Abstract Objectives To assess the association of serum magnesium with prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components in the general population and to examine any effect modification by chronic kidney disease (CKD) status. Methods We analysed longitudinal data from the population‐based KORA F4/FF4 study, including 2996 participants (387 with CKD) for cross‐sectional analysis and 1446 participants (88 with CKD) for longitudinal analysis. Associations with MetS, as well as single components of MetS, were assessed by adjusted regression models. Nonlinearity was tested by restricted cubic splines and analyses were stratified by CKD. Causality was evaluated by two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Results Serum magnesium (1 SD) was inversely associated with prevalent MetS (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83, 0.98). The association was more pronounced in individuals with CKD (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59, 0.94). Among MetS components, serum magnesium was negatively associated with elevated fasting glucose (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.71, 0.88) and, again, this association was more pronounced in individuals with CKD (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53, 0.84). Serum magnesium was not associated with incident MetS or its components. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a significant nonlinear inverse relationship of serum magnesium with MetS and elevated fasting glucose. MR analysis suggested an inverse causal effect of serum magnesium on MetS (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85, 0.97). Conclusion Serum magnesium is associated with prevalent, but not incident MetS, and this effect is stronger in individuals with CKD. MR analysis implies a potential, albeit weak, causal role of magnesium in MetS.
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