[Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of female patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection].

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of female patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection. Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective study. Consecutive patients diagnosed with Stanford type B aortic dissection in General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from June 2002 to August 2021 were enrolled, and grouped based on sex. According to the general clinical conditions and complications of aortic dissection tear, patients were treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair, surgery, or optimal medication. The clinical characteristics and aortic imaging data of the patients at different stages were collected, adverse events including all-cause deaths, stroke, and occurrence of aortic-related adverse events were obtained during hospitalization and within 30 days and at 1 and 5 years after discharge. According to the time of death, death was classified as in-hospital death, out-of-hospital death, and in-hospital death was divided into preoperative death, intraoperative death and postoperative death. According to the cause of death, death was classified as aortic death, cardiac death and other causes of death. Aortic-related adverse events within 30 days after discharge included new paraplegia, post-luminal repair syndrome, and aortic death; long-term (≥1 year after discharge) aortic-related adverse events included aortic death, recurrent aortic dissection, endoleak and distal ulcer events. The clinical characteristics, short-term and long-term prognosis was compared between the groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between different clinical factors and all-cause mortality within 30 days in female and male groups separately. Results: A total of 1 094 patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection were enrolled, mean age was (53.9±12.1) years, and 861 (78.7%) were male and 233 (21.3%) were female. (1) Clinical characteristics: compared with male patients, female patients were featured with older average age, higher proportion of aged≥60 years old, back pain, anemia, optimal medication treatment, and higher cholesterol level; while lower proportion of smoking and drinking history, body mass index, calcium antagonists use, creatine kinase level, and white blood cell count (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in dissection tear and clinical stage, history of coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease between female and male patients (all P>0.05). (2) Follow-up result: compared with male patients, female patients had a higher rate of 30-day death [6.9% (16/233) vs. 3.8% (33/861), P=0.047], in-hospital death (5.6% (13/233) vs. 2.7% (23/861), P=0.027), preoperative death (3.9% (9/233) vs. 1.5% (12/861), P=0.023) and aorta death (6.0% (14/233) vs. 3.1% (27/861), P=0.041). The 1-year and 5-year follow-up results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in death, cerebrovascular disease, and aorta-related adverse events between the two groups (all P>0.05). (3) Prognostic factors: the results of the univariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index>24 kg/m2 (HR=1.087, 95%CI 1.029-1.149, P=0.013), history of anemia (HR=2.987, 95%CI 1.054-8.468, P=0.032), hypertension (HR=1.094, 95%CI 1.047-1.143, P=0.040) and troponin-T>0.05 μg/L (HR=5.818, 95%CI 1.611-21.018, P=0.003)were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality within 30 days in female patients. Conclusions: Female patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection have specific clinical characteristics, such as older age at presentation, higher rates of anemia and combined back pain, and higher total cholesterol levels. The risk of death within 1 month is higher in female patients than in male patients, which may be associated with body mass index, hypertension, anemia and troponin-T, but the long-term prognosis for both female and male patients is comparable.目的： 观察女性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床特征及预后，并分析预后相关因素。 方法： 本研究为单中心回顾性研究，连续入选2002年6月至2021年8月于北部战区总医院诊治的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者，依据性别进行分组。收集患者不同时期的临床及主动脉影像学资料，记录住院期间和出院后30 d内及1、5年全因死亡（按死亡时间分为院内死亡、院外死亡，其中院内死亡包括术前死亡、术中死亡和术后死亡；按死亡原因分为主动脉原性死亡、心原性死亡及其他原性死亡）、卒中、主动脉相关不良事件等的发生情况。30 d内主动脉相关不良事件包括新发截瘫、腔内修复术后综合征及主动脉原性死亡；远期（出院后1年及以上）主动脉相关不良事件包括主动脉原性死亡、再发主动脉夹层、主动脉覆膜支架内漏及远端溃疡事件。对比不同性别组的临床特征及预后差异。在不同性别组中分别采用logistic回归分析探索临床因素与30 d内全因死亡的相关性。 结果： 共纳入1 094例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者，年龄（53.9±12.1）岁，其中男性861例（78.7%），女性233例（21.3%）。（1）临床特征：与男性相比，女性患者发病年龄较大、≥60岁患者的比例高，背痛症状、贫血、采用药物保守治疗的比例及总胆固醇水平均较高；而体重指数，吸烟史、饮酒史、应用钙离子拮抗剂的比例，肌酸激酶及白细胞计数水平均更低（P均<0.05）；而主动脉夹层撕裂特征和临床分期、冠心病、糖尿病及高血压等合并症的比例，两组间差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。（2）预后：与男性相比，女性发病30 d内全因死亡率［6.9%（16/233）比3.8%（33/861），P=0.047］、院内死亡率［5.6%（13/233）比2.7%（23/861），P=0.027］、术前死亡率［3.9%（9/233）比1.5 %（13/861），P=0.023］及主动脉原性死亡率［6.0%（14/233）比3.1%（27/861），P=0.041］均更高；1年及5年随访结果显示，两组间死亡、脑血管病及主动脉相关不良事件等比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。（3）预后因素：单因素logistic回归分析结果显示，女性组中体重指数>24 kg/m2（HR=1.087，95%CI 1.029~1.149，P=0.013）、高血压（HR=1.094，95%CI 1.047~1.143，P=0.040）、贫血（HR=2.987，95%CI 1.054~8.468，P=0.032）及肌钙蛋白T>0.05 μg/L（HR=5.818，95%CI 1.611~21.018，P=0.003）与30 d内全因死亡风险增加相关。 结论： 女性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者临床特征具有特殊性，发病年龄大，贫血和合并背痛比例及总胆固醇水平等更高。女性患者1个月内死亡风险较男性患者更高，体重指数、高血压、贫血及肌钙蛋白T可能与其相关，但两者远期预后相当。.