Electrospinning biohybrid technology for wastewater treatment: principle, applications and perspectives

With the rapid development of nanotechnology and additive manufacturing industries, electrospinning for the fabrication of high-performance nanofibers has attracted increasing attention. The rapid development of biohybrid environmental remediation technology has led to sustainable water treatment materials aimed at different pollutants and application scenarios. The coupling of biohybrid materials with electrospinning technology further addresses potential drawbacks of traditional biomaterials, such as low activity, poor diffusion, and loss of biological activity. In recent years, advanced techniques for constructing biohybrid fibers have been achieved through electrospinning methods such as fiber encapsulation, microtube encapsulation, and co-electrospinning, utilizing microbial cells (bacteria, algae, yeast, etc.). In this review, we firstly introduce the basic principle of electrospinning technology and parameters affecting spinning process. Then systematically analyze the microbial selection, material synthesis routes, and degradation efficiency of electrospinning biohybrid technology in water treatment processes targeting different pollutants, while assessing the application prospects or drawbacks of each case. Finally, we summarize and prospect the technical characteristics, current issues, and industrial prospects of electrospinning biohybrid technology.