Synthesis, characterization, and applications of ambi-functional PANI/GO/MOF-Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite for removing industrial dye and emerging contaminant

Discharging industrial dyes and emerging contaminants (ECs) into water resources has become a serious environmental concern. A novel PANI/GO/MOF-Fe3O4 nanocomposite has been synthesized to remove Methyl Orange (MO) and Naproxen Sodium (NAP) from the wastewater. FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA have been exposed to identify nanocomposites' morphology and thermal stability. Langmuir and Freundlich's models revealed that the Langmuir model better describes adsorption (R2 = 0.999 for MO and 0.998 for NAP). Moreover, the findings of kinetic studies established a pseudo-second-order model with good agreement with the experimental results (R2 = 0.995 for MO and NAP), indicating the dominance of chemisorption. The pseudo-first-order reaction model provided reasonable fits (R2 = 0.892 for MO and 0.872 for NAP). Thermodynamic analysis indicated exothermic (ΔHo = -17.72 kJ mol−1 for MO and −28.28 kJ mol−1 for NAP) and spontaneous (ΔGo = -3.877 kJ mol−1 for MO and −5.416 kJ mol−1) nature of dye and ECs. The PANI/GO/MOF-Fe3O4 nanocomposite exhibited significant adsorption for MO (239.78 mg g−1) and NAP (40.64 mg g−1), respectively. Furthermore, the ease of recovery (up to 4 cycles) of the nanocomposite enhances its sustainability, offering a viable approach to industrial dye and emerging using ambi-functional nanocomposite.