Advances in Electrochemical Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy for Visualizing Rechargeable Battery Reactions

This review presents an overview of the application of electrochemical liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (ELP-TEM) in visualizing rechargeable battery reactions. The technique provides atomic-scale spatial resolution and real-time temporal resolution, enabling direct observation and analysis of battery materials and processes under realistic working conditions. The review highlights key findings and insights obtained by ELP-TEM on the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and discusses the current limitations and future prospects of ELP-TEM, including improvements in spatial and temporal resolution and the expansion of the scope of materials and systems that can be studied. Furthermore, the review underscores the critical role of ELP-TEM in understanding and optimizing the design and fabrication of high-performance, long-lasting rechargeable batteries.