Advances in the omics research of Rosaceae

Rosaceae plants are widely distributed worldwide. These plants, including well-known ornamental plants and those producing temperate fruits, have significant economic value. The utilization of omics technologies has significantly advanced the research progress on Rosaceae plants in various areas including germplasm resources, molecular breeding, and evolutionary domestication. Here, we provide an overview of the applications of omics technologies in Rosaceae. It includes whole-genome sequencing and assembly of various Rosaceae plants, as well as the utilization of genome-wide association studies, transcriptome, proteomics, metabolomics, and comparative genomics. These techniques are used to understand the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying important traits in Rosaceae plants, such as flower color, fragrance, stress tolerance, and fruit quality. We outline the prospects of genomics research in Rosaceae plants, aiming to establish a foundation for comprehending the genetic mechanisms of molecular breeding and significant ornamental traits. This research could potentially provide theoretical support for rapidly cultivating new germplasm and varieties.