Carbon fluxes of China's coastal wetlands and impacts of reclamation and restoration

湿地 环境科学 蓝炭 盐沼 红树林 土地复垦 生态系统 沼泽 初级生产 固碳 碳汇 水文学(农业) 气候变化 咸沼泽 生态系统呼吸 生态学 二氧化碳 地质学 岩土工程 生物
作者
Weizhi Lu,Jingfeng Xiao,Haiqiang Gao,Qingyu Jia,Zhengjie Li,Jie Liang,Qing-Hui XING,Dehua Mao,Hong Li,Xiaojing Chu,Hui Chen,Haiqiang Guo,Guangxuan Han,Bin Zhao,Luzhen Chen,Derrick Y.F. Lai,Shuguang Liu,Guanghui Lin
出处
期刊:Global Change Biology [Wiley]
卷期号:30 (4) 被引量:11
标识
DOI:10.1111/gcb.17280
摘要

Abstract Coastal wetlands play an important role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations and contribute significantly to climate change mitigation. However, climate change, reclamation, and restoration have been causing substantial changes in coastal wetland areas and carbon exchange in China during recent decades. Here we compiled a carbon flux database consisting of 15 coastal wetland sites to assess the magnitude, patterns, and drivers of carbon fluxes and to compare fluxes among contrasting natural, disturbed, and restored wetlands. The natural coastal wetlands have the average net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) of −577 g C m −2 year −1 , with −821 g C m −2 year −1 for mangrove forests and −430 g C m −2 year −1 for salt marshes. There are pronounced latitudinal patterns for carbon dioxide exchange of natural coastal wetlands: NEE increased whereas gross primary production (GPP) and respiration of ecosystem decreased with increasing latitude. Distinct environmental factors drive annual variations of GPP between mangroves and salt marshes; temperature was the dominant controlling factor in salt marshes, while temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation were co‐dominant in mangroves. Meanwhile, both anthropogenic reclamation and restoration had substantial effects on coastal wetland carbon fluxes, and the effect of the anthropogenic perturbation in mangroves was more extensive than that in salt marshes. Furthermore, from 1980 to 2020, anthropogenic reclamation of China's coastal wetlands caused a carbon loss of ~3720 Gg C, while the mangrove restoration project during the period of 2021–2025 may switch restored coastal wetlands from a carbon source to carbon sink with a net carbon gain of 73 Gg C. The comparison of carbon fluxes among these coastal wetlands can improve our understanding of how anthropogenic perturbation can affect the potentials of coastal blue carbon in China, which has implications for informing conservation and restoration strategies and efforts of coastal wetlands.
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