Exploring Novel Therapeutic Avenues for Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment

Abstract Many patients with cancer are at risk of developing cognitive symptoms that often become evident during or after cancer-directed therapy and may have difficulties with attention, concentration, multitasking, executive function, and memory. Despite recent advances in identifying potential molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, there is generally a lack of effective treatment strategies, and the development of novel therapeutic interventions represents a major unmet medical need in clinical practice. A recent study by Kim and colleagues suggests that multisensory 40-Hz gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli with combined visual and auditory stimuli is associated with powerful neuroprotective effects in mouse models of cisplatin- or methotrexate-induced “chemobrain.” Although the study has some limitations and successful interventions in animal models have often failed to translate into clinical practice, this noninvasive treatment modality has shown promise in preserving brain structure and function and could be tested in patients with cancer who are at risk of cognitive decline.