Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 2024 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Physical Therapy Association Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy

Background: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a postural condition evident shortly after birth. The 2013 CMT Clinical Practice Guideline (2013 CMT CPG) set standards for the identification, referral, and physical therapy management of infants with CMT, and its implementation resulted in improved clinical outcomes. It was updated in 2018 to reflect current evidence and 7 resources were developed to support implementation. Purpose: This 2024 CMT CPG is intended as a reference document to guide physical therapists, families, health care professionals, educators, and researchers to improve clinical outcomes and health services for children with CMT, as well as to inform the need for continued research. Results/Conclusions: The 2024 CMT CPG addresses: education for prevention, screening, examination and evaluation including recommended outcome measures, consultation with and referral to other health care providers, classification and prognosis, first-choice and evidence-informed supplemental interventions, discontinuation from direct intervention, reassessment and discharge, implementation and compliance recommendations, and research recommendations.