Evaluation of threshold color differences using printed samples

The performances of uniform color spaces and color-difference formulae for predicting threshold color differences were investigated based on visual assessments of 893 pairs of printed color patches under a D65 source. The average ΔE(ab,10)* of the pairs was 1.1 units. A threshold psychophysical experiment was repeated three times by a panel of 16 observers with normal color vision. The experimental data were used to evaluate nine color-difference formulae and uniform color spaces using the standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS) measure. The results indicated that all formulae and spaces performed very similarly to each other, and outperformed CIELAB for threshold color differences. The chromaticity-discrimination ellipses were used to compare with previous results from small color differences [Color Res. Appl. (2011), doi:10.1002/col.20689], and they agreed with each other, except for the purple color center.