生态毒性
抗生素
生物测定
土霉素
毒性
环丙沙星
生物
甲氧苄啶
毒理
生态学
微生物学
医学
内科学
作者
Pavla Kovalakova,Leslie Cizmas,Thomas J. McDonald,Blahoslav Maršálek,Mingbao Feng,Virender K. Sharma
出处
期刊:Chemosphere
[Elsevier]
日期:2020-03-06
卷期号:251: 126351-126351
被引量:960
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126351
摘要
In recent years, antibiotics have been used for human and animal disease treatment, growth promotion, and prophylaxis, and their consumption is rising worldwide. Antibiotics are often not fully metabolized by the body and are released into the aquatic environment, where they may have negative effects on the non-target species. This review examines the recent researches on eight representative antibiotics (erythromycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin). A detailed overview of their concentrations in surface waters, groundwater, and effluents is provided, supported by recent global human consumption and veterinary use data. Furthermore, we review the ecotoxicity of these antibiotics towards different groups of organisms, and assessment of the environmental risks to aquatic organisms. This review discusses and compares the suitability of currently used ecotoxicological bioassays, and identifies the knowledge gaps and future challenges. The risk data indicate that selected antibiotics may pose a threat to aquatic environments. Cyanobacteria were the most sensitive organisms when using standard ecotoxicological bioassays. Further studies on their chronic effects to aquatic organisms and the toxicity of antibiotic mixtures are necessary to fully understand the hazards these antibiotics present.
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