P-E hysteresis loop going slim in Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3-modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics for energy storage applications

Abstract (Ba 0.3 Sr 0.7 ) x (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 1- x TiO 3 (BS x BNT, x = 0.3–V0.8) ceramics were prepared to investigate their structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties. BSxBNT ceramics possess pure perovskite structure accompanied from a tetragonal symmetry to pseudo-cubic one with the increase of x value, being confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman results. The T m corresponding to a temperature in the vicinity of maximum dielectric constant gradually decreases from 110 °C ( x = 0.3) to -45 °C ( x = 0.8), across T m = 36 °C ( x = 0.5) with a maximum dielectric constant (ɛ r = 5920 @1 kHz) around room temperature. The saturated polarization P s gradually while the remnant polarization Pr sharply decreases with the increase of x value, making the P - E hysteresis loop of BS x BNT ceramics goes slim. A maximum difference between P s and P r ( P s - P r ) is obtained for BS x BNT ceramics with x = 0.5, at which a high recoverable energy density ( W rec = 1.04 J/cm 3 ) is achieved under an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm with an efficiency of η = 77%. Meanwhile, the varied temperature P - E loops, fatigue measurements, and electric breakdown characteristics for the sample with x = 0.5 indicate that it is promising for pulsed power energy storage capacitor candidate materials.