海水淡化
海水
结晶
盐度
蒸发器
盐(化学)
材料科学
化学工程
蒸发
太阳能淡化
环境科学
太阳能
化学
热力学
地质学
海洋学
物理
生态学
工程类
物理化学
热交换器
生物
生物化学
膜
作者
Lei Wu,Zhichao Dong,Zheren Cai,Turga Ganapathy,Niocholas X. Fang,Chuxin Li,Cunlong Yu,Yu Zhang,Yanlin Song
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-14366-1
摘要
Abstract Solar-driven water evaporation represents an environmentally benign method of water purification/desalination. However, the efficiency is limited by increased salt concentration and accumulation. Here, we propose an energy reutilizing strategy based on a bio-mimetic 3D structure. The spontaneously formed water film, with thickness inhomogeneity and temperature gradient, fully utilizes the input energy through Marangoni effect and results in localized salt crystallization. Solar-driven water evaporation rate of 2.63 kg m −2 h −1 , with energy efficiency of >96% under one sun illumination and under high salinity (25 wt% NaCl), and water collecting rate of 1.72 kg m −2 h −1 are achieved in purifying natural seawater in a closed system. The crystalized salt freely stands on the 3D evaporator and can be easily removed. Additionally, energy efficiency and water evaporation are not influenced by salt accumulation thanks to an expanded water film inside the salt, indicating the potential for sustainable and practical applications.
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