Textile Organic Dyes – Characteristics, Polluting Effects and Separation/Elimination Procedures from Industrial Effluents – A Critical Overview

tensides (dispersing agents, emulsifiers, detergents and wetting agents); 15,000-20,000 tonnes carboxylic acids (especially acetic acid); 10,000-15,000 t binders; 5,000-10,000 t urea; 5,000-10,000 t ligands, and < 5,000 t auxiliaries (EWA, 2005).The environmental authorities have begun to target the textile industry to clean up the wastewater that is discharged.The principal quality indicators that regulators are looking for polluting effect or toxicity are the high salt content, high Total Solids (TS), high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), high Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), heavy metals, colour of the textile effluent (ADMI color value -American Dye Manufacturer Institute color value), and other potential hazardous or dangerous organic compounds included into each textile processing technological steps (Tables 4 and5).