Generating electricity by moving a droplet of ionic liquid along graphene

石墨烯 电动现象 化学物理 材料科学 电压 离子液体 流动电流 碳纳米管 离子键合 电位 纳米技术 压力梯度 离子 机械 化学 物理 生物化学 有机化学 量子力学 催化作用
作者
Jun Yin,Xuemei Li,Jin Yu,Zhuhua Zhang,Jianxin Zhou,Wanlin Guo
出处
期刊:Nature Nanotechnology [Nature Portfolio]
卷期号:9 (5): 378-383 被引量:586
标识
DOI:10.1038/nnano.2014.56
摘要

Since the early nineteenth century, it has been known that an electric potential can be generated by driving an ionic liquid through fine channels or holes under a pressure gradient. More recently, it has been reported that carbon nanotubes can generate a voltage when immersed in flowing liquids, but the exact origin of these observations is unclear, and generating electricity without a pressure gradient remains a challenge. Here, we show that a voltage of a few millivolts can be produced by moving a droplet of sea water or ionic solution over a strip of monolayer graphene under ambient conditions. Through experiments and density functional theory calculations, we find that a pseudocapacitor is formed at the droplet/graphene interface, which is driven forward by the moving droplet, charging and discharging at the front and rear of the droplet. This gives rise to an electric potential that is proportional to the velocity and number of droplets. The potential is also found to be dependent on the concentration and ionic species of the droplet, and decreases sharply with an increasing number of graphene layers. We illustrate the potential of this electrokinetic phenomenon by using it to create a handwriting sensor and an energy-harvesting device.
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