体细胞突变
免疫球蛋白类转换
胞苷脱氨酶
生物
同型
遗传学
体细胞
基因
进化生物学
抗体
B细胞
单克隆抗体
作者
Janet Stavnezer,Chris T. Amemiya
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2004.08.005
摘要
This review discusses evolution of the process of Ig heavy chain class switching, relating it to the first appearance of somatic hypermutation (SHM) of variable region genes. First, we discuss recent findings on the mechanism of class switch recombination (CSR) in mice and humans, and then review the mechanisms of expression of Ig heavy chain isotypes from fishes to mammals. Importantly, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is essential for CSR and somatic hypermutation, is found in fishes. Although at least some fishes are likely to undergo SHM, CSR is highly unlikely to occur in this group. We discuss the first appearance of CSR in amphibians and how it differs in birds and mammals.
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