An artificial TiO2/lithium n-butoxide hybrid SEI layer with facilitated lithium-ion transportation ability for stable lithium anodes

We in situ fabricated an artificial SEI layer by dipping the lithium metal into liquid tetrabutyl titanate. Such an artificial SEI layer, composed of amorphous TiO₂ and lithium terminal groups, supplied high mechanical strength and fast lithium ion conductivity and greatly improved the electrochemical performance of lithium metal anodes.