A hierarchical fuzzy data envelopment analysis for wind turbine site selection in Indonesia

The Indonesian archipelago has several suitable areas for building wind farms. In the site selection process, apart from wind intensity, there are other factors related to geographical and structural technicality that need to be considered. This research presents a hierarchical fuzzy data envelopment analysis model for identifying suitable locations for the construction of wind farms. The proposed hierarchy consists of two levels that are defined based on the 165 districts and 33 provinces in Indonesia based on data provided by different government organizations. Opinions from experts in different areas were collected and represented by the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets, which were converted to optimistic and pessimistic preferences by using linguistic aggregation and, later, integrated to the data envelopment analysis model. Principal component analysis by IBM SPSS was used to verify the importance of the factors that can reduce ineffective indicators from the analysis. The results show that the South Sumatra province has the highest potential for construction of wind farms, especially in the district of Palembang. The West Papua, Papua, and Maluku provinces have descending priority based on good infrastructure accessibility, high wind velocity, and lesser susceptibility to natural disasters.