Functional nucleic acids tailoring and its application

Abstract Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) tailoring has recently gained traction as a strategic application in nanobiosensor design and drug delivery, yet the principle and methods of FNA tailoring strategies are aligned to aspects of Taiji and five other spheres of ancient Chinese philosophy. This paper discusses the relationship between the structure and energy of FNA on three levels, namely sequence tailoring, structure recombination and function change. And it especially focuses on the design, synthesis, analysis and introduces the rules to tailor FNAs from five aspects, including splitting, deleting, adding, substituting and fusing. Aptamers and DNAzymes are tailored in designing nanobiosensors. We hope to provide new insights into the structure of FNAs by studying the role of FNA-target interactions in the structural organization and present the challenges that clarify the tertiary structures of target-ligand states when they are used in the field of molecule detection and medicine.