Chemopreventive potential ofin vitrofermented nuts in LT97 colon adenoma and primary epithelial colon cells

Due to their beneficial nutritional profile the consumption of nuts contributes to a healthy diet and might reduce colon cancer risk. To get closer insights into potential mechanisms, the chemopreventive potential of different in vitro fermented nut varieties regarding the modulation of genes involved in detoxification ( CAT , SOD2 , GSTP1 , GPx1 ) and cell cycle ( p21 , cyclin D2 ) as well as proliferation and apoptosis was examined in LT97 colon adenoma and primary epithelial colon cells. Fermentation supernatants (FS) of nuts significantly induced mRNA expression of CAT (up to 4.0‐fold), SOD2 (up to 2.5‐fold), and GSTP1 (up to 2.3‐fold), while GPx1 expression was significantly reduced by all nut FS (0.8 fold on average). Levels of p21 mRNA were significantly enhanced (up to 2.6‐fold), whereas all nut FS significantly decreased cyclin D2 expression (0.4‐fold on average). In primary epithelial cells, expression of CAT (up to 3.5‐fold), GSTP1 (up to 3.0‐fold), and GPx1 (up to 3.9‐fold) was increased, whereas p21 and cyclin D2 levels were not influenced. Nut FS significantly inhibited growth of LT97 cells and increased levels of early apoptotic cells (8.4% on average) and caspase 3 activity (4.6‐fold on average), whereas caspase 3 activity was not modulated in primary colon cells. The differential modulation of genes involved in detoxification and cell cycle together with an inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in adenoma cells might contribute to chemopreventive effects of nuts regarding colon cancer.