Solid-State NMR Studies of Lithium Ion Dynamics Across Materials Classes

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an excellent characterization technique to investigate the local structure and dynamics of materials. This can be exploited to elucidate properties of lithium-containing materials which are systems with very interesting ion dynamics behavior. This review presents a collection of Li solid-state NMR studies on Li dynamics in Li-containing solids reported in the scientific literature. Lithium ion conductors which find use in lithium ion batteries have been given special attention with explanations of their ion dynamic mechanisms, activation barriers, jump rates and dimensionalities of diffusion pathways. The review mainly deals with ion diffusion properties of different classes of solid materials based on their structural and chemical identities. The wide variety of materials discussed include inorganic and organic crystalline and amorphous systems. A short introduction to the NMR methods to determine the diffusion parameters is also provided along with an introduction to the basics in diffusion in solids.