认知灵活性
任务切换
心理学
试制试验
任务(项目管理)
集合(抽象数据类型)
认知
灵活性(工程)
执行职能
认知心理学
感知
听力学
计算机科学
统计
神经科学
神经心理学
医学
经济
管理
程序设计语言
数学
作者
Katherine D. Arbuthnott,Janis Frank
标识
DOI:10.1076/1380-3395(200008)22:4;1-0;ft518
摘要
Recent controversy surrounds the use of the Trail Making Test as a measure of cognitive flexibility, given that the Trail Making Test, Part B (TMT-B) also differs from Part A (TMT-A) in factors of motor control and perceptual complexity. The present study compared performance in the TMT and a set-switching task in order to test the assumption that cognitive flexibility is captured in TMT-B performance. Set-switching tasks have low motor and perceptual selection demands, and therefore provide a clearer index of executive function. In this study, participants made category judgments for digits, letters, or symbols across a series of trials, and performance for consecutive same-task trials was compared with task-switch trials. Results of the set-switching task indicated significant switch cost, but only for the situation of task alternation (e.g., an ABA series), suggesting that task-set inhibition may play a role in this effect. Alternating-switch cost was significantly correlated with TMT-B performance, especially with the TMT-B to TMT-A ratio (B/A). Cost for alternating switches was especially large for participants with B/A ratio > 3. These results provide direct evidence that the B/A ratio of performance in the TMT provides an index of executive function.
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