Thermal Runaway of Li-Ion Cells: How Internal Dynamics, Mass Ejection, and Heat Vary with Cell Geometry and Abuse Type

热失控 热电偶 材料科学 热的 渗透(战争) 热传导 复合材料 机械 热力学 物理 电池(电) 工程类 运筹学 功率(物理)
作者
Matthew D. Sharp,John J. Darst,Peter J. Hughes,Julia Billman,Martin Pham,David Petrushenko,Thomas M. M. Heenan,Rhodri Jervis,Rhodri E. Owen,Drasti Patel,Wenjia Du,H. Michael,Alexander Rack,Oxana V. Magdysyuk,Thomas Connolley,Dan J. L. Brett,Gareth Hinds,Matthew Keyser,Eric Darcy,Paul R. Shearing,William Q. Walker,Donal P. Finegan
出处
期刊:Journal of The Electrochemical Society [Institute of Physics]
卷期号:169 (2): 020526-020526 被引量:23
标识
DOI:10.1149/1945-7111/ac4fef
摘要

Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries can involve various types of failure mechanisms each with their own unique characteristics. Using fractional thermal runaway calorimetry and high-speed radiography, the response of three different geometries of cylindrical cell (18650, 21700, and D-cell) to different abuse mechanisms (thermal, internal short circuiting, and nail penetration) are quantified and statistically examined. Correlations between the geometry of cells and their thermal behavior are identified, such as increasing heat output per amp-hour (kJ Ah −1 ) of cells with increasing cell diameter during nail penetration. High-speed radiography reveals that the rate of thermal runaway propagation within cells is generally highest for nail penetration where there is a relative increase in rate of propagation with increasing diameter, compared to thermal or internal short-circuiting abuse. For a given cell model tested under the same conditions, a distribution of heat output is observed with a trend of increasing heat output with increased mass ejection. Finally, internal temperature measurements using thermocouples embedded in the penetrating nail are shown to be unreliable thus demonstrating the need for care when using thermocouples where the temperature is rapidly changing. All data used in this manuscript are open access through the NREL and NASA Battery Failure Databank.
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