From gene to genomics

Genomics is the study of structure, function, evolution, and mapping of the entire genome of a species. Genome analysis of an organism includes sequencing of DNA, assembly of that sequence, and to create a representation of the original chromosome. Genomics can be divided into structural, functional, and comparative genomics. The goal of the Human Genome Project (HGP) is to determine the sequence of base pairs in human DNA and to identify and mapping of all genes. Complete genome sequencing will help scientists to understand the functioning of the genes and their interaction with regulatory regions and junk DNA of the genome. Two different approaches i.e., shotgun and clone contig, are used to sequence the entire eukaryotic genomes. Genomics can play a major role in sustainable food security and identification of susceptible and resistance genes to improve animal health, genetic diversity, quality of food, livestock improvement, and production of superior parents.